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Research
Sex-Specific Environmental Impacts on Initiation and Progression of Multiple SclerosisThe immunological mechanisms that contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS) differ between males and females. Females are 2-3 times more likely to develop MS compared to males, however the reason for this discrepancy is unknown. Once MS is established, there is a more inflammatory yet milder form of disease in females whereas males generally suffer from more severe disease and faster progression, neural degradation, and disability.
Pneumococcal Vaccine Study
Research
Single cell transcriptomics reveals cell type specific features of developmentally regulated responses to lipopolysaccharide between birth and 5 yearsHuman perinatal life is characterized by a period of extraordinary change during which newborns encounter abundant environmental stimuli and exposure to potential pathogens. To meet such challenges, the neonatal immune system is equipped with unique functional characteristics that adapt to changing conditions as development progresses across the early years of life, but the molecular characteristics of such adaptations remain poorly understood.
Research
Perspectives of LGBTQA+ young people on suicide prevention services in AustraliaLGBTQA + people are less likely to access mental health care despite an increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes including suicidal thoughts and behaviours. The present study aimed to explore Australian LGBTQA + young people's perceptions of key factors associated with access to suicide prevention services.
Research
Biological sex estimation using ancient DNA in Classic Maya contexts: some findings from Naachtun (Guatemala)Recent advances in paleogenomics have opened up new prospects for the study of ancient burial customs and social structures. In this note, we report on the first results of a program now under way in a small residential compound in Naachtun, Guatemala.
Research
Long-term follow-up after recurrent otitis media and ventilation tube insertion: Hearing outcomes and middle-ear health at six years of ageTo investigate the long-term impact of recurrent otitis media (rOM) and ventilation tube insertion (VTI) in early childhood on hearing outcomes and middle-ear health three to five years later, in a prospective pregnancy cohort study.

Research
Efficacy of Health Literacy Interventions for Caregivers of Individuals with Neurodevelopmental and Chronic Conditions: A Rapid ReviewCaregivers of individuals with neurodevelopmental and chronic health conditions require health literacy (HL) skills for the long-term management of these conditions. The aim of this rapid review was to investigate the efficacy of HL interventions for these caregivers.
Research
Eating and drinking abilities and respiratory and oral health in children and young adults with cerebral palsyTo investigate the potential risk factors of respiratory illness (ethnicity, oral health, and eating and drinking ability) in children and young adults with cerebral palsy.

People
Dr Charlie McLeodDr Charlie McLeod is a Deputy Head at the Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, based at The Kids Research Institute Australia, and of a member of the Centre's Infectious Diseases Implementation Research (IDIR) team.