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In endemic areas, RHD has long been a target of screening programmes that, historically, have relied on cardiac auscultation.

This chapter describes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and management principles of acute rheumatic fever.

These results indicate that anaphylaxis is not a major cause of adverse reactions to benzathine penicillin G

This report provides an update on the contemporary global and regional policy landscapes relevant to rheumatic heart disease

increased adherence to penicillin prophylaxis is associated with reduced acute rheumatic fever recurrence and a likely reduction in mortality

Population-based primary prevention of ARF through sore throat management may be effective in well-resourced settings like New Zealand

Health systems did not meet the needs of pregnant Aboriginal women with rheumatic heart disease

A multifaceted intervention was implemented using quality improvement and chronic care model approaches to improve delivery of penicillin prophylaxis for rheumatic heart disease

This strategy did not improve adherence to rheumatic heart disease secondary prophylaxis within the study time frame.

The rates of RHD in Timor-Leste are among the highest in the world, and prevalence is higher among girls than boys. Community engagement is essential for ensuring follow-up and the effective delivery of secondary prophylaxis.